Numbers: Rational Numbers
Rational numbers as the name suggests are ratios of two numbers. They are derived from Integers and are defined as follows. Let $p,q$ be two integers, i.e. $p,q \in \mathbb{Z}$, then $\frac{p}{q}$ where $q \neq 0$ is a rational number. in more advanced mathematical notation the rational numbers can be defined as follows $\mathbb{Q}=\{\frac{p}{q}: p,q \in \mathbb{Z}, q \neq 0 \}$ $(1)$ It can be shown that the set of rational numbers is closed with respect to addition subtraction multiplication division Let us discuss the closure of rational numbers with respect to the above mentioned operations in detail. The aim here is to show some very basic mathematical proofs. But first a question arises. How do we add two rational numbers? Let $\frac{a}{b},\frac{c}{d}$ be two rational numbers, then we can add them as follows $\frac{ad+bc}{bd} \Longleftrightarrow \frac{a}{b} +\frac{c}{d}$